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Republic of Central Lithuania
The Republic of Central Lithuania or Middle Lithuania ((ポーランド語:Republika Litwy Środkowej), (リトアニア語:Vidurio Lietuvos Respublika), (ベラルーシ語:Рэспубліка Сярэдняе Літвы / ''Respublika Siaredniaje Litvy'')), or Central Lithuania ((ポーランド語:Litwa Środkowa), (リトアニア語:Vidurio Lietuva'' or ''Vidurinė Lietuva), (ベラルーシ語:Сярэдняя Літва / ''Siaredniaja Litva'')), was a short-lived political entity, which did not gain international recognition. The republic was created in 1920 following the staged rebellion of soldiers of the 1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Infantry Division of the Polish Army under Lucjan Żeligowski, supported by the Polish air force, cavalry and artillery. Centered on the historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilna ((リトアニア語:Vilnius), (ポーランド語:Wilno)), for eighteen months the entity served as a buffer state between Poland, upon which it depended, and Lithuania, which claimed the area. After a variety of delays, a disputed election took place on January 8, 1922, and the territory was annexed to Poland.
The republic was regarded by some as a Poland-dependent puppet state. Initially the Polish government denied that it was responsible for the false flag action that created the entity, but Polish leader, Józef Piłsudski, subsequently acknowledged that he personally ordered Żeligowski to pretend that he was acting as a mutinous Polish officer.
The Polish-Lithuanian borders in the interwar period, while recognized by the Conference of Ambassadors of the Entente and the League of Nations, were not recognized by the Republic of Lithuania. In 1931 an international court in The Hague issued the statement that the Polish seizure of the city had been a violation of international law.〔
== Legal status ==
Most historians agree that the state relied on Polish support. Some historians refer to the Republic of Central Lithuania as a ''state'' without qualification,〔For example: Timothy Snyder, ''The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999'', p. 64; Jeffrey Shandler, ''Awakening Lives: Autobiographies of Jewish Youth in Poland Before the Holocaust'', p.xlvii; Adam Kantautas, Filomena Kantautas, ''A Lithuanian Bibliography: A Check-list of Books and Articles'', p. 307; Lola Romanucci-Ross, Takeyuki Tsuda, ''Ethnic Identity: Problems And Prospects for the Twenty-first Century'', p. 75''〕 while others characterize it with terms such as ''puppet state'',〔Royal Institute of International Affairs. International Affairs.Vol.36, No. 3, 1960 p. 354〕 ''puppet Republic'', ''so-called state'',〔Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.The Polish Review.1956, p. 67〕 ''artificial creation'', or as a ''sham'' state.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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